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  《JavaScript高级程序设计》- 第二章：HTML中的JavaScript
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  <h2 id="第二章：HTML中的JavaScript"><a href="#第二章：HTML中的JavaScript" class="headerlink" title="第二章：HTML中的JavaScript"></a>第二章：HTML中的JavaScript</h2><h3 id="2-1-script-元素"><a href="#2-1-script-元素" class="headerlink" title="2.1 script 元素"></a>2.1 script 元素</h3><p> 用于将JavaScript插入到网页中。</p>
<ol>
<li><p>script元素有什么属性?</p>
<ul>
<li>async:可选属性。表示立即开始下载脚本，但不会组织其他页面动作。【<code>异步</code>】【支队外部脚本文件有效】</li>
<li>charset:可选属性。指定代码字符集，很少使用，因为浏览器不在乎他的值</li>
<li>crossorigin:可选属性。配置相关请求的CORS（跨源资源共享）</li>
<li>defer:可选属性。表示脚本可以延迟到文档完全被解析后再执行【只对外部脚本文件有效】</li>
<li>integerity:可选属性。允许对比接收到的资源和指定的加密签名以验证字子元完整性。可以用于确保内容的分发网络不会提供恶意内容</li>
<li>language:废弃属性。</li>
<li>src:可选属性。表示包含要执行的代码的外部文件</li>
<li>type:可选属性。一般值为<code>text/javascript</code>，当值为<code>module</code>时，代码中可以出现<code>import``export</code>关键字</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>注意事项</p>
<ul>
<li><p>当没有使用<code>async</code>或<code>defer</code>时，浏览器都会按照<code>&lt;script&gt;标签出现的顺序依次解析。&lt;br&gt;</code></p>
</li>
<li><p><code>&lt;script&gt;</code> 标签一般放置在<code>&lt;body&gt;</code>后面，因为这样可以先加载页面静态内容，再加载JS，用户会感觉<code>页面加载更快</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>关于延迟执行脚本</p>
<p><code>defer</code>属性，表示<code>脚本在执行的时候不会改变页面结构</code>，就是说脚本被<code>延迟</code>到整个页面都解析完毕后才运行。【相当于告诉浏览器，立即下载，延迟执行】而浏览器<code>会按照script的顺序执行脚本</code></p>
</li>
<li><p>关于异步执行脚本</p>
<p><code>async</code>属性，与<code>defer</code>相似，但是其目的是：告诉浏览器,不必等待脚本下载和执行完之后再加载页面，同样也不必等到该异步脚本下载和执行后再加载其他脚本.【所以不能再异步脚本中，操作DOM，不然会混乱】</p>
</li>
<li><p>关于动态加载脚本</p>
<p>可以使用DOM API<code>动态添加script元素</code>，实现动态加载:</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> script = <span class="built_in">document</span>.createElement(<span class="string">&#x27;script&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">script.src = <span class="string">&#x27;index.js&#x27;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">document</span>.body.appendChild(script);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<blockquote>
<p>于此同时，这种动态加载也是<code>异步</code>的。<br>显然这种加载方法对<code>浏览器预加载器是不可见的</code>，会严重影响<code>资源获取队列</code>中的优先级。从而<code>严重影响性能</code>。<br>但是可以在<code>&lt;head&gt;</code>采用<code>&lt;link rel=&#39;preload&#39; href=&#39;index.js&#39;&gt;</code>，来告诉预加载器。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="2-2-推荐使用外部代码"><a href="#2-2-推荐使用外部代码" class="headerlink" title="2.2 推荐使用外部代码"></a>2.2 推荐使用外部代码</h3><ol>
<li><p>什么是外部代码？</p>
<p>在<code>&lt;script&gt;</code>标签中，添加src属性指向指定的URL。【<code>单独的.js文件</code>存储代码】</p>
</li>
<li><p>为什么推荐使用外部代码？原因如下：</p>
<ul>
<li>可维护性<ul>
<li>缓存：当两个页面用到同一个js文件的时候，只需要<code>下载一次</code>，就可以<code>多次使用</code>。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="2-3-lt-noscript-gt-元素"><a href="#2-3-lt-noscript-gt-元素" class="headerlink" title="2.3 &lt;noscript&gt;元素"></a>2.3 <code>&lt;noscript&gt;</code>元素</h3><ol>
<li><p>有什么作用？</p>
<p>当浏览器<code>不支持脚本</code>或<code>脚本支持被关闭</code>的时候，显示其中的内容。</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;html&gt;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="xml"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">head</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">title</span>&gt;</span>welcome<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">title</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml">  <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">head</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="xml"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">noscript</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml">      &quot;该浏览器不支持脚本，请开放支持功能或更换更版本的浏览器&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">noscript</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml">  <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line">&lt;/html&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="2-4-总结："><a href="#2-4-总结：" class="headerlink" title="2.4 总结："></a>2.4 总结：</h3><ol>
<li>包含外部JavaScript脚本，必须指定URL，可以在同一个服务器下，也可以在不同域中。</li>
<li>在不使用<code>defer``async</code>时，所有<script>元素都会被依次执行。</li>
<li><code>async</code>表示<code>不需要等待其他脚本</code>，同时也<code>不阻塞文档渲染</code>。但不能保证script的执行顺序</li>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/default-skin/default-skin.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe-ui-default.min.js"></script>

<script>
    function viewer_init() {
        let pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0];
        let $imgArr = document.querySelectorAll(('.article-entry img:not(.reward-img)'))

        $imgArr.forEach(($em, i) => {
            $em.onclick = () => {
                // slider展开状态
                // todo: 这样不好，后面改成状态
                if (document.querySelector('.left-col.show')) return
                let items = []
                $imgArr.forEach(($em2, i2) => {
                    let img = $em2.getAttribute('data-idx', i2)
                    let src = $em2.getAttribute('data-target') || $em2.getAttribute('src')
                    let title = $em2.getAttribute('alt')
                    // 获得原图尺寸
                    const image = new Image()
                    image.src = src
                    items.push({
                        src: src,
                        w: image.width || $em2.width,
                        h: image.height || $em2.height,
                        title: title
                    })
                })
                var gallery = new PhotoSwipe(pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default, items, {
                    index: parseInt(i)
                });
                gallery.init()
            }
        })
    }
    viewer_init()
</script> 
<!-- MathJax -->

<!-- Katex -->

<!-- busuanzi  -->
 
<script src="/js/busuanzi-2.3.pure.min.js"></script>
 
<!-- ClickLove -->

<!-- ClickBoom1 -->

<!-- ClickBoom2 -->

<!-- CodeCopy -->
 
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/clipboard.css">
 <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/clipboard@2/dist/clipboard.min.js"></script>
<script>
  function wait(callback, seconds) {
    var timelag = null;
    timelag = window.setTimeout(callback, seconds);
  }
  !function (e, t, a) {
    var initCopyCode = function(){
      var copyHtml = '';
      copyHtml += '<button class="btn-copy" data-clipboard-snippet="">';
      copyHtml += '<i class="ri-file-copy-2-line"></i><span>COPY</span>';
      copyHtml += '</button>';
      $(".highlight .code pre").before(copyHtml);
      $(".article pre code").before(copyHtml);
      var clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.btn-copy', {
        target: function(trigger) {
          return trigger.nextElementSibling;
        }
      });
      clipboard.on('success', function(e) {
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copied');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPIED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
      clipboard.on('error', function(e) {
        e.clearSelection();
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copy-failed');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-time-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPY FAILED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-time-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
    }
    initCopyCode();
  }(window, document);
</script>
 
<!-- CanvasBackground -->

<script>
  if (window.mermaid) {
    mermaid.initialize({ theme: "forest" });
  }
</script>


    
    

  </div>
</body>

</html>